Psychology of Apple Packaging

Steve Jobs and Jony Ive prioritized packaging, which they said could be "theatre".

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Today, we are talking about the psychology of Apple packaging.

Other stuff this week:

• Meet Palworld (aka Pokémon with Guns)

• Major iPhone App Store shake-up

• …and them fire posts (including Bruce Lee)

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The first batch of Apple Vision Pros will be delivered on February 2nd.

Macrumors created the render below of the headset’s box based on official marketing materials it has seen. The site didn’t provide dimensions but my instant reaction was “holy crap, that is big and seems good for theft deterrence” (also: "is there a Dairy Queen ice cream cake in there?")

The release of the Vision Pro comes a few weeks after the 40th anniversary of the company’s iconic Macintosh. That computer really kicked off Apple’s decades-long obsession with creating memorable unboxing experiences. The packaging philosophy was spearheaded by Steve Jobs (then Jony Ive). Jobs died in 2011 while Ive left Apple in 2019 (and ended a consulting relationship with the company in 2022).

Many Apple fans were hoping that the company would create a new type of box for Vision Pro but it looks like we will get a comically oversized iPhone box that opens from the top (the same design used for other post-iPhone product lines including iPad, MacBook, AirPods).

Since the Vision Pro will face challenges for onboarding users into a new UX — the device’s in-store demo is 25 minutes long (vs. the intuitive iPhone that any toddler immediately grok) — it makes sense to stick with a box design that billions of customers know well.

The following article explains why.

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If you own Apple products, there’s a high likelihood that a corner of your closet is dedicated to Apple boxes.

Why do we collect them? Because they are kinda beautiful and the resale value for Apple products is much higher on Craigslist with a box (my experience with other electronics is that people are mostly indifferent box or no box).

Or, at least, that’s what I tell myself. I don’t usually re-sell my Apple products. The boxes pile up and taunt me. I can’t shake them and I’m clearly not the only person with this affliction.

The affinity we have for Apple boxes is not random. It comes from the company’s deep understanding of human psychology. As Walter Isaacson wrote in his Steve Jobs biography, beautiful packaging is one of Apple’s key marketing principles. These principles were written by Mike Markkula, Apple’s original investor and second CEO.

As Isaacson explains (I added bullet points and bold):

Markkula wrote his principles in a one-page paper tiled ‘The Apple Marketing Philosophy’ that stressed three points:

• The first was empathy, an intimate connection with the feelings of the customer: “We will truly understand their needs better than any other company.”

• The second was focus: “In order to do a good job of those things that we decide to do, we must eliminate all of the unimportant opportunities.”

• The third and equally important principle, awkwardly named, was impute. It emphasized that people form an opinion about a company or product based on the signals that it conveys. “People DO judge a book by its cover,” [Jobs] wrote. “We may have the best product, the highest quality, the most useful software etc.; if we present them in a slipshod manner, they will be perceived as slipshod; if we present them in a creative, professional manner, we will impute the desired qualities.”

Go all the way back to Apple’s launch of the Macintosh in 1984.

Jobs’ team told him that it would be much more economical to ship the computer in a plain box. As we all know now, there was a 0.000% chance Jobs was OK with that idea.

Instead, Jobs “imputed” the desired qualities for Apple’s breakthrough PC in a full-color box.

Since then, Apple’s “impute” philosophy has continued apace, especially for the company’s most famous product: the iPhone.

Look at this iPhone unboxing GIF. Look at it!!! Very satisfying.

Apple has sold 2B+ iPhones, which means that the “open the iPhone for first time” experience has happened 2B+ times.

It’s wild to think about. It’s also wild to read about how much effort Apple puts into the box-opening experience.

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Steve Jobs announced the first iPhone in January 2007. During the presentation, he noted that Apple had filed or been granted 200+ patents for the device.

One of the patents: the iPhone case.

Jobs and Apple’s former head designer (Jony Ive) long understood the value of packaging. As Ive recounts: "Steve and I spend a lot of time on the packaging. I love the process of unpacking something. You design a ritual of unpacking to make the product feel special. Packaging can be theater."

As the first stage of the iPhone experience, Apple put in 1000s of hours perfecting the package.

There is literally a "packaging room" where a design employee will spend months opening up 100s of prototypes — with different materials and shapes — to nail the experience (I need footage of the Apple designer making a $500k annual salary, who’s locked up in this room once-a-year opening boxes until the fingers bleed).

What is Apple looking for?

Lux-feeling boxes with the right friction and drag to create a brief pause when you lift the top off (try opening an iPhone box quickly…you can’t because of the drag).

You know that “whoosh” sound when you lift open an iPhone box? It comes from air pockets. Air pockets!

And like the moment before a magician's reveal, they knew the power of anticipation and designed it into iPhone packaging.

There's a reason why unboxing videos on YouTube get billions of views a year.

The anticipation— even when we know what's coming — plays right into the curiosity gap: our psychological need to close the information deficit between what we know and what we *want* to know.

iPhone openings are also a multi-sensory experience:

• You *see* the box

• You *feel* the opening because of the drag

• You *hear* the whoosh of air rushing out

Apple is playing with a psychological phenomenon called “synesthesia”, which is when a person’s senses blend together (eg. taste words or hear smells). My favourite example is this Coca-Cola ad campaign that shows a photo of the beverage and challenges customers to “try not to hear this”. The visual of Coca-Cola bubbles or a can opening activates the sound for something we’ve all experienced countless times.

Look at the ad below and you will "see a sound".

Similarly, when I see an iPhone box, I can hear the "whoosh".

After the box opening, small details at every step create the "ritual" that Ive spoke about:

• Take the box's plastic off with a tab

• Pull the box open and hear that “whoosh”

• Peel back the screen protector

• Inspect the cords held in origami paper

All of this before gripping the phone.

Even if you're not a fan of Apple, it is easy to see how a customer can use the heuristic: "Wow, if they're spending this much time on the packaging, the rest is probably pretty good too."

That is the power of “impute”.

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The importance of touch and feel obviously makes its way onto the product.

Steve Jobs keynotes were built around grasping a device as part of a way to build connection.

Ive tells the story of why there was a handle on the candy-colored iMac he designed with Jobs that helped to bring Apple back from the brink of bankruptcy:

“[When we launched iMac in 1998], people weren’t comfortable with technology. If you’re scared of something, then you won’t touch it. I could see my mum being scared to touch it. So I thought, if there’s this handle on it, it makes a relationship possible. It’s approachable. It’s intuitive. It gives you permission to touch. It gives a sense of its deference to you.”

Remember, the iMac is a desktop computer.

Why do you need a handle? To move it 3 feet from one end of your desk to the other? No, the handle is about the comfort factor and forming a connection with technology.

Well, there’s also apparently a story with Jobs saying the handle on the Mac so you could throw it out the f**king window. That’s “deference” right there.

Anyway, I recently re-watched the keynotes for a number of Apple products. Jobs and Ive loved tactile designs and emphasized the "fiddle factor", in which users can touch and feel the technology.

Jobs just playing with people’s emotions like a fiddle.

Here is a play-by-play of some classic Jobs announcements (when Apple nerds just went crazy):

• iPod Nano: “Where is this thing? There’s no way Steve is hiding it in his 5th jean pocket. You can’t fit anything in there. Maybe a twenty-dollar bill to grease the bouncer at the nightclub, but nothing else. There’s no way he’s sliding something out of that pocket. There’s no way he’s…HOLY CRAP, IT’S IN HIS 5th JEAN POCKET! THERE’S A F**CKING IPOD NANO IN HIS JEAN POCKET!! AND HE’S HOLDING IT WITH TWO FINGERS!! LOOKS LIKE HE COULD TOSS IT OUT THE WINDOW ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THIS ROOM IF HE HAS TO!

• iPad: “What’s that leather lounge chair doing on the stage. Kinda looks like a mini-casting couch. That’s gotta be an uncomfortable place to use a laptop. Looks great for a Whiskey and Diet Coke. Not for a computing device, though. No way Steve sits there. Wait. WHAT?!? STEVE IS USING THE IPAD ON THE LEATHER LOUNGE CHAIR!! THAT IS INCREDIBLY INTUITIVE!!!

• MacBook Air: “Wonder why Steve has a yellow manila envelope on stage. Probably his taxes. Weird to have during a keynote but, yeah, whatever. Wait, he’s twirling that little red string that keeps envelopes closed. Paper isn’t metallic. PAPER ISN’T METAL GREY! HE’S HOLDING A F**KING LAPTOP!!! SO APPROACHABLE!

One of Ive’s last major Apple contributions was the AirPod. He spent a lot of time to get the feel and sound right on the device case:

“When you are going to have objects that are inherently very mechanical, I think that it's so important that you pay attention to all aspects of the design. There is color and form and the overall sort of architecture, but then those more difficult-to-define and concept behaviors, like the noise of a click and the force of a magnet that draws something closed.”

I’ve lost between 7-9 of AirPod cases but can confirm that the magnetic click is very legit.

It’s the small details.

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Back to Apple's packaging, it has a clear understanding of human psychology and how people shop. The designs give all the relevant info in an eye-catching and quick-to-process manner:

• Pictures are better than words

• Image sizes are "as in real life"

• Clean and minimalist so as not to overwhelm the eyes

According to Leander Kahney’s book Jony Ive: The Genius Behind Apple’s Greatest Products, the iPod was actually the first product that truly saw packaging elevated to the same importance as the product itself.

For the release of its portable audio player, Apple created two boxes: 1) one for manufactures to ship the iPod to stores: and 2) the final iPod packaging that a consumer would buy.

In a patent application for the iPod case, Apple writes "It may diminish from the aura of a well-designed product to present it to consumers in a standard cardboard box. A package that is more fitting of the high-tech design of the product is what consumers expect.”

That philosophy is why it is so hard to throw away Apple boxes. I’ve tried but here is the closet stash I keep (my wife yells at me to get rid of them about once a quarter…but we both know that will never happen).

Additional Reading: Packaging News (Link), Cult of Mac (Link), The "Inside Apple" book has the best detail on iPhone packaging (Link), Unbox Therapy (Link)

One more thing: Back in the early 2000s, Microsoft employees made fun of their company’s own aesthetic by “designing” a Microsoft case for the iPod.

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Links and Memes

A viral smash hit game from out of nowhere: Gene Park from The Washington Post has details on a new game called Palworld, created by Japanese indie developer Pocked Pair.

Palworld’s official pitch is an action-adventure survival game but the internet has dubbed it “Pokémon With Guns” and people are losing their minds because: 1) Nintendo fans are very upset that some of the characters look like Pokémon; and 2) the game’s founder previously tweeted about generative AI and critics thought Palworld’s game assets were made by AI (they deny it and there has been no evidence to support the charge).

The controversies are driving awareness and Palworld is printing cash. On a budget of only ~$7m it has already made ~$200m by selling 8m+ copies on the Steam gaming platform in one week (this doesn’t include revenue from X-Box Game Pass).

Oh, also, people are losing it over the wild details on the game development process:

• CEO Takuro Mizobe worked at JPMorgan Securities before launching a crypto exchange in 2014.

• He launched indie game developer Pocket Pair in 2015.

• The original Palworld team was 4 people and started with $10,000.

• The main model developer is a high-schooler who the team met because he worked part-time at a convenience store they frequented (lol)

• There was no version control. The team saved files in a “bucket of USBs” and merged them to the main build when done. (lololololol)

• They added guns because to be a global success, it had to do well in America and the CEO said “Americans like to shoot things”.

• Switched from Unity to Unreal Engine late into the development process.

• Asked about Nintendo, the CEO says they make innovative games whereas he is fine to chase trends (“I don’t [have a creative vision]. I just want to make a game people like.”)

Palworld’s early success is astounding when you consider triple AAA game titles easily break 9-figure development costs (eg. Cyberpunk 2077 has run $400m+) The game has peaked at 1.8m concurrent players (that is the 2nd highest ever for Steam’s platform, ahead of CounterStrike 2 and behind only PUBG).

Riding on the Pokémon meme was key (its lifetime franchise revenue is over $100B, which tops the list for media IP). On the legal side, Nintendo has asked for takedowns of fan-created game mods that included Pokémon characters (Palworld itself is unlikely to get into legal trouble as “borrowing” the look of other games is standard in the industry).

The next stat to watch: Nintendo released “Pokémon Scarlet and Violet” in 2022 and it has sold 23m+ copies. Could Palworld top it?

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Some other baller links:

• Apple will allow external app stores on the iPhone in Europe to comply with regulations. The Verge has details on the changes and my 2 takeaways are:

  1. Apple has long-argued that an external app store is bad for user security and will still require apps sold this route to go through a vetting process.

  2. Many believe that Apple is complying maliciously because an external app store also comes with a new “Core Technology Fee” for apps that have over 1m annual users. This will affect <1% of apps but it is all the major ones (think Spotify, Instagram etc.). The kicker is that you can’t go back to the original App Store if you launch a new one (the one-way door will dissuade people because it's too risky to experiment with a new app store only to find out that the economics suck and you can't undo it).

• MANG is an acronym for Microsoft, Amazon, NVDIA and Google. The massive firms are muscling out traditional VCs for investments in AI and Data startups. Apoorv Agrawal explains the tension in these deals including: 1) a lot of the MANG investments come from credits for their cloud services (which creates potential accounting and valuation issues); and 2) MANG has very different incentives (strategic) than traditional VCs (financial).

• Taylor Swift DeepFake Nudes: When Taylor Swift launched her Eras Tour in the Fall of 2022, the Ticketmaster website crashed and scalpers scooped up a bunch of tickets. The backlash — from fans and Swift’s camp — lead to the US government investigating Ticketmaster for antitrust violations. A similar situation might arise with generative AI after deepfake nudes of Swift made by Microsoft tools circulated on Telegram then X then Instagram. Swift has serious pull and she could be the focal point on regulating AI images.

• Media meltdown: Derek Thompson's Plain English podcast has a breakdown on a string of bad news for old media. The LA Times laid off 20% of staff. Very influential music review site Pitchfork is being rolled into its parent firm GQ. And Sports Illustrated — a magazine I used to read religiously and one of the most important media brands in the 20th century period (not just sports) — had big layoffs and is stuck in PE corporate hell. The big takeaway from Thompson: print media is bifurcating into “city states” (successful solo newsletters) and “empires” (New York Times) while anything in the middle is getting crushed because internet economics don’t work for them.

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…and here them lit X posts:

Finally, the top corporate SNAFU of the week came courtesy of PayPal. The fintech firm held an innovation day on Thursday. Prior to the event, PayPal’s CEO said “we will shock the world on January 25th” and then went on to introduce extremely blah features. As the X timeline noted, corporate comms 101 is to never ever overpromise and under-deliver.